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JoJo Vocab Lists by Tankobon Volume > JoJo Volume 2 Vocab
Vocab found in vol 2 of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure ジョジョの Phantom Blood ファントムブラッド
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じんたいじっけん
(noun) human experiment, human experimentation, experiment on a living person

Usage notes

へい

Accent:
(Adjective/-な) cool, calm, composed, unconcerned, nonchalant, unmoved, indifferent; (colloquialism) all right, fine, OK, okay
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

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アヤワスカ
Level: 1897
HEY KI-d, are you all right? Calm down.
Mnemonic
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Sentences

    など     
Staying up late nights is nothing to me.
              
No scruple held him back from making this attempt.
                  
I do not mind the cold, but I cannot stand the heat.
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はや  

(Godan verb - る (ます = stem+ります)/intransitive) to be brought forward (e.g. by three hours), to be moved up, to be advanced; to be hasty, to be rash

Usage notes

Sentences

                          
The winter was mild this year. Consequently, the bears will probably arise earlier.
        
He who laughs last laughs best.
                   
He made a premature decision on the matter.
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さが 

Accent:
(す verb/transitive) to search for (something desired, needed), to look for, to hunt for, to seek; to search (a house, pocket, etc.), to search through, to rummage in (e.g. a drawer), to fish around
View usage notes (9)

Usage notes

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デミフィ
Level: 1251
捜す is used when searching for people, or for something that is lost

whereas 探す is used when searching for things/items, or something that is desired, rather than lost.
How to use
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Mushmellow
Level: 373
探す vs 探る

探す is used when you don't know where something is and you try to find it, such as concrete objects, places, jobs, etc and has a nuance of searching with your eyes or asking for what you want.
Examples: 本棚から本を探す、仕事を探す、迷子を探す

探る is to feel something hidden with one's hands, or to try to see into the hidden truth or someone's heart, including abstract matters (truth, mind, trends), hidden places and has a nuance of examining carefully, investigating or feeling around.
Examples: 事件の真相を探る、敵の動向を探る、カバンの中を探る
How to use
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morgenman
Level: 519
When you saw gas (さがす) coming out of your stove, you called someone to *search* for the leak!
Mnemonic
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Nanaisatragiccharacter
Level: 87
That SAGA is about SEARCHING for something long desired
Mnemonic
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ジェン~1984
Level: 551
さかる to go away/become distand さがす to search/find, so if something is さかる you have to さがす
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クイントピア
Level: 694
The best place to search for something lost is the place where lost things end up: the Sargasso(さがす) Sea.
Mnemonic
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レイん|レナ
Level: 219
Come down/SAGArU here and help me search!
Mnemonic
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knifewizard
Level: 92
I am SEARCHING for a lost norse SAGA
Mnemonic
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Suoira
Level: 246
series is a SAGA about the protagonist SUE's neverending search. they call her SAGA SUE 'cause they won't let the profitable stories end...
Mnemonic
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Sentences

          
The bird was looking for worms.
   宿          
I was on the hunt for lodgings.
             
I'm looking for an umbrella with a long handle.
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(noun) bluff

Usage notes

  

Accent:
(す verb/transitive) to omit, to leave out, to skip; to overtake, to pass; (vulgar) (Reveal definition) to say, to speak
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

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Abnormalise
Level: 157
吐かす
Vulg. Slang:
to say, speak (spit out);
Meaning
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Sentences

  グダグダ     じゃねぇ         
Huh? Don't be so whiny! And you call yourself a man!
                  
Why did you leave out the first question in the exam?
            
I left out two sentences.
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あま   
(noun) (colloquialism) softy, pushover, wishy-washy person

Usage notes

ぼうがい

Accent:
(noun/する verb) obstruction, hindrance, blocking, disturbance, interference, interruption, jamming (a signal)
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

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mechan
Level: 584
The BOW GUY (→ぼうがい), the one with the bow and arrows, will *interfere with/obstruct* the game by shooting at the players near the goal.
Mnemonic
5
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Sentences

              
He broke in on our conversation.
             など        
He has no intention to interfere with your business.
              
That (device) jammed the signal in the surrounding area.
   

(Ichidan verb (ます = stem+ます)/transitive) to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause), to pin down, to ascertain, to locate, to identify; (archaism) to stab to death

Usage notes

Sentences

              
Locate his address on the map.
            
It is difficult to ascertain what really happened.
                   
The burglar was traced by one of the things he had left on the scene.
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~   

(suffix) only, nothing but
View usage notes (5)

Usage notes

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Anonymous123
Level: 1619
Formal version of だけ. Used more in writing, than in spoken language.
How to use
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ra111n
Level: 407
*only* they KNOW ME.
Mnemonic
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Xilmi
Level: 360
ばっかり (Baccardi) is something to drink (のみ). That's why they both mean nothing but.
Mnemonic
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1800
Also written as:
Other
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ぽあだむ
Level: 741
As a practical example; 現金のみ means cash only and is not unusual at Japanese restaurants, perhaps particularly so in the countryside.
のみ is used extensively in formal spoken settings, just like in writing.
Other
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Sentences

                
This principle applies to children only.
    たん          
Now, I am just living an uneventful life.
                  
We only accept reservations by phone.
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ばいにん
(noun) trader, smuggler, pusher, drug dealer, drug runner

Usage notes

しろうと

Accent: ,
(noun) amateur, layman, ordinary person, novice; respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha); (archaism) unlicensed prostitute
View usage notes (4)

Usage notes

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Hehh
Level: 262
She lost (しろうと) to an amateur
Mnemonic
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sena_ix
Level: 578
The AMATEURS are given (しろ う)(to)ps to wear.
Mnemonic
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Rachmanichou
Level: 314
My husband knows nothing of life, so you could say he's an innocent (しろ)husband (おっと).
Mnemonic
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ギョルギ九十三
Level: 832
There are a few theories about the color-based meanings, where 白 = unskilled and 黒 = skilled.

1. Theatre / performers theory (Heian-era entertainers):
Low-skilled entertainers were called 白人 (しろひと) because they simply wore white makeup and had little real talent. In contrast, skilled entertainers were called 黒人 (くろひと).

2. Go (囲碁) theory:
This theory comes from the game of Go. In the past, stronger players were said to use the black pieces (黒石), while weaker players were said to use the white pieces (白石). From this, skilled players became linked to 黒人 (くろひと), and less skilled ones to 白人 (しろひと).

白人 (しろひと) → 素人 (しろうと)
黒人 (くろひと) → 玄人 (くろうと)
Other
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Sentences

             
You’ve got skills for an amateur.
               
Although they may be an amateur, you mustn't look down on them.
  という    ・・・                
Research, it can hardly ... just an amateur's hobby, I'm ashamed to say.
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とう

(noun) head
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Usage notes

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ギョルギ九十三
Level: 832
(あたま) is the normal conversational word for "head". It's used in everyday speech and can also extend metaphorically (e.g. intelligence or the top/leader of something).

頭部 (とうぶ) is the anatomical, more formal term for the head, often used in medicine or accident reports (e.g. 頭部外傷).

頭脳 (ずのう) usually doesn't refer to the physical head at all. Instead, it means intellect or brainpower in an abstract or strategic sense (e.g. 頭脳明晰).
Meaning
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Sentences

                
Its neck and head were very soft.
                      
The loss of his sense of smell was due to a head injury.
すき

Accent:
(noun) gap, opening, room, space; break, interval, spare moment, spare time; unguarded moment, carelessness, weak spot, chink in one's armor, flaw, fault; chance, opportunity
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1800
Rarely used by itself in spoken language. Use 隙間/すきま instead to avoid confusion with 好き.
How to use
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1800
Also written as:
Other
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Sentences

        
He is utterly unguarded.
          
I had no chance to escape.
          もの  
Opportunity makes a thief. [Quote, Bacon]
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~    

Accent:
(suffix) full of (e.g. mistakes), riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

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awang4
Level: 124
N + だらけ. Negative connotation
How to use
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芹李亜
Level: 817
it's only (だけ) a mistake. However, since it's full of mistakes, add ら in the middle to signify it's more than one, like 彼ら
= だらけ
Mnemonic
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Sentences

            
This book is full of mistakes.
            
His bookshelves are filled with comic books.
                
This is a coed school but it's got tons of female (students).
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Accent:
(noun) edge (of a knife or sword), blade; prong (of an electrical plug)
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

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Joquia
Level: 609
Ha! You call that a blade? You couldn't even cut butter with that!
Mnemonic
1
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Sentences

                 
This knife has a fine edge and cuts well.
           
The knife has a very sharp edge.
              
My knife has such a fine edge.
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ほね

Accent:
(Noun/な-adjective) bone; frame; outline, core; backbone, spirit, fortitude; (adjectival nouns) (noun) laborious, troublesome, difficult
View usage notes (6)

Usage notes

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芹李亜
Level: 817
I shouldn't have converted the ほ to ぼ!

ほね hone ✅ vs ぼね bone ❌
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プリマドック
Level: 858
I never knew you could extract HONE (honey) from bones.
Mnemonic
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ジェン~1984
Level: 551
A feather はね with the O from bone ほね
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Joquia
Level: 609
Hone your bones by drinking milk, so they don't break when you do sports
Mnemonic
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zzeyn
Level: 273
In One piece, Luffy has G3 technique called - Hone Fūsen, literally meaning Bone Balloon.
Mnemonic
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ギョルギ九十三
Level: 832
(ほね) — bone; everyday word, used in casual speech. Refers to individual bones rather than a whole skeleton.

骸骨 (がいこつ)) — skeleton; literally "dead body's bones". Mostly used for literal skeletons, monsters, or figurative comparisons. Rarely used in casual speech.

骨格 (こっかく) — skeleton structure / bone framework; refers to the arrangement of bones, used in scientific, anatomical, or formal contexts. Doesn't imply a corpse.
Other
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Sentences

             
The dog bit meat off the bone.
            
Our dog buries its bone in the garden.
               
I got a fishbone stuck in my throat.
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たっ 
(す verb) to reach, to get to

Usage notes

どう

Accent:
(noun) trunk, torso, body, abdomen, waist; plastron (in kendo), touching the plastron (kimari-te in kendo); frame (of a drum, etc.), sound box (of a shamisen, etc.), hull (of a ship); (hanafuda) (rare) dealer

Usage notes

Sentences

                            
A dachshund is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs.
まとも 
(adverb) right (in front), directly, straight (in the face), head-on, full on; properly, normally; honestly, decently, seriously, fairly

Usage notes

りょうあし
(noun) both feet; both legs

Usage notes

Sentences

             
She is paralyzed in both legs.
              
My legs ached after the long walk.
     できていました  
I got bruises on both legs.
See more sentences
  

Accent:
(Ichidan verb (ます = stem+ます)/transitive,intransitive) to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with; to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave; to be fit for, to be equal to
View usage notes (6)

Usage notes

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jm27937
Level: 1416
The word 堪える can be read as both たえる and こらえる. Generally, たえる is used in the sense of enduring or bearing a burden, while こらえる is used more in the context of restraining or holding back emotions.
Meaning
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kamruk
Level: 731
我慢 is the most common everyday word for enduring discomfort, urges, or emotions
頑張る is extremely common for “keep trying” or “push through”
辛抱 means patiently putting up with hardship and feels very everyday too
耐える means “withstand / endure” and is common for pain, stress, or conditions
堪える is common for holding back laughter, tears, anger, etc. in the moment
踏ん張る is casual and means “hang tough” or “hold on a bit longer”
粘る means persist stubbornly and is common in sports, games, negotiation etc.
忍耐 is more formal and less common in casual conversation
How to use
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コアレモス
Level: 547
I tire of enduring this.
Mnemonic
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Sealingpizza
Level: 516
You tie(taeru) more ropes to the weight and endure holding it up
Mnemonic
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sena_ix
Level: 578
I tire(taeru) of having to BEAR his workload all the time.
Mnemonic
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ケンパチ
Level: 274
A tile たえる is built to endure every kind of rainfall.
Mnemonic
1
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NEW
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Sentences

               
I can't stand this hot summer.
             
She bore her misfortunes with a brave spirit.
               
This watch can withstand strong impacts.
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(noun) tough guy

Usage notes

   
(Ichidan verb (ます = stem+ます)/transitive) to blow upon, to breathe on, to spray; to pick (a fight), to force (unreasonable terms); to exaggerate, to overcharge

Usage notes

Sentences

                                   
Stores overseas will overcharge Japanese people, so it's best that you are plenty careful.
おも    

Accent:
(adverb) to one's heart's content, as much as one wants, as hard as one can, with all one's strength, to the best of one's ability, to the utmost, with determination, hard, heavily; (noun) resolution, decisiveness, determination, resignation

Usage notes

Sentences

                  
Nothing beats a good cry when you've a broken heart.
                       
I want to see the moment when someone who rarely laughs goes all out laughing.
                       
I really let the Queen walk all over me.
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はず

Accent:
(noun) should (be), bound (to be), expected (to be), must (be); (noun) nock (of a bow); (noun) nock (of an arrow); (noun) (sumo) nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); (noun) wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
View usage notes (8)

Usage notes

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euwbah
Level: 52
はず is for a subjective expectation that something is going to happen given it's known tendencies and the way it is going.

べき implies that it is only right/just/correct for something to happen.
How to use
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悲鴈
Level: 569
はず is used like a majority of "additives": neutral verb, -い and -な stay, and の after nouns.
How to use
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ギョルギ九十三
Level: 832
つもり = intention / plan (speaker's will). Used when the subject has decided or plans to do something. It reflects personal intention.

はず = logical expectation (based on information or circumstances). Used when you expect something to be true based on reasons, evidence, or common sense — not intention.

そんなはずじゃなかった ← "That wasn't supposed to happen" — Reality didn't match what you expected.
そんなつもりじゃなかった ← "That wasn't my intention" / "I didn't mean for it to turn out this way" — The outcome wasn’t what you intended.

Note: つもり can refer to other people's intentions, but only as your interpretation (not a fact). It can also sound accusatory 何(なん)のつもりだ? ("What are you trying to do?" / "What's your problem?")

Source: [ja.hinative.com]| [community.wanikani.com]
How to use
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Samurai_Ash
Level: 81
That 'should' be a hazu-ard (hazard)
Mnemonic
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プリマドック
Level: 858
HAZU (has) it actually took place?
Mnemonic
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HIVELY26
Level: 133
If it's on the Internet, it HAS (はず)to be true, right?
Mnemonic
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レイん|レナ
Level: 219
if it's expected it has/HAZU to happen
Mnemonic
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hlhdai
Level: 238
This key should be the right one for this lock. It has to (hazu) work, it's the only one left.
Mnemonic
3
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Sentences

            
This book ought to be a good seller.
トム             
Tom should be here any minute.
              
He can not have passed the exam.
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きょうだい

Accent:
(noun) siblings, brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law; (familiar language) (male term) mate, friend
View usage notes (9)

Usage notes

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Wolfino
Level: 412
兄 → older brother
弟 → younger brother
Meaning
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ディオ-果実
Level: 916
If you're asked, 何人兄弟ですか, make sure to also include yourself. So if you have 1 brother and 1 sister, you should answer 3人です.
How to use
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ソンゴクジダイ
Level: 338
姉妹 is used for sisters/daughters exclusively. Brothers and sisters can be covered by 兄弟 or more formally 兄弟姉妹.

You may also see these terms pronounced as きょうだい:

兄妹 older brother and younger sister (けいまい)
姉弟 older sister and younger brother (してい)

姉妹 is used most often in the sense of "sister cities" or "sister ships", rather than for 姉ちゃん and 妹ちゃん.
How to use
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こガエル
Level: 427
Older ones (兄) should protect the younger ones (弟). That's what it means to be siblings.
Mnemonic
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while1fork
Level: 443
I played D&D with my SIBLINGS TODAY (きょう) and rolled a DIE.
Mnemonic
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Gate1337
Level: 190
KO, you die! (きょうだい) is what I tell my brother after I beat him in smash bros.
Mnemonic
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プリマドック
Level: 858
When memorising the order of the kanji: The oldest always preceeds the youngest.
Other
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Kerlione
Level: 1088
Is not limited to describing only brothers, can also include sisters, on contrary to the 姉妹 which describes only sisters
Other
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ケンパチ
Level: 274
The most ordinary way to write きょうだい is 兄弟.

As you can see, it is formed from the kanji for "older brother" and "little brother," so the most literal meaning of this word is "brothers."
(The corresponding word for "sisters" is 姉妹, しまい.)
However, きょうだい is a very common word, and it is more often used to mean "siblings," without regard to gender. For example, one question you'll hear a lot when you first meet people is:
何人兄弟ですか。
You are (in a family with) how many brothers and sisters?
うちは三人兄弟です。
We are three siblings (altogether) = I have two siblings.

In speech, this is no big deal, but when writing out the characters, it can feel a little weird to use the characters for "big brother" and "little brother" to refer to a relationship that includes sisters.

Therefore, in novels, authors will sometimes substitute different characters that map to the exact relationship of the siblings in question, and force the reading きょうだい with furigana. For example, for a big brother-little sister relationship, they might write:
兄妹
(The word きょうだい written using alternative kanji to match the actual relationship)
Another strategy is simply to write the word in kana.

Source: Satori Reader, "Earthbound" series, épisode 1
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Sentences

         
I have five siblings (including myself)
            
He has as many as five brothers.
          
Are those two siblings?
See more sentences
  

(Adjective/-な) (colloquialism) (abbreviation) serious, not joking, straight
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

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リンク・リンク
Level: 1348
"For real? / fr?"
Meaning
12
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Sentences

                       
Since her boyfriend dumped her she seems really lonely. Poor girl.
あま     
(Adjective/-い) overly optimistic, easygoing, irresponsible, naive, simple-minded

Usage notes

かぎ 

(noun/adverb) limit, limits, bounds; degree, extent, scope; the end, the last; as long as ..., as far as ..., as much as ..., to the limits of ..., all of ... (after an adjective, verb, or noun); unless ... (after neg. verb); (not) included in ..., (not) part of ...; being very much (in a certain state), extreme amount (of a feeling, etc.); (suffix) (noun) (adverb) ... only (e.g. "one time only", "today only"); (archaism) end of one's life, final moments, death; (archaism) funeral, burial
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1800
区切り, 範囲
日本 すべて, 全部
日本 のみ, だけ
Meaning
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sena_ix
Level: 578
You need a key(kagi) to unlock the (ri)asons behind your LIMITS.
Mnemonic
3
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Sentences

              
As far as I know, I'm not mistaken.
              
There were no bounds to his ambition.
       なんて         
I'm so jealous of you going to Okinawa on a trip.
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なか

Accent:
(noun) companion, fellow, friend, mate, comrade, partner, colleague, coworker, associate; group, company, circle, set, gang; member of the same category (family, class)
View usage notes (6)

Usage notes

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Shamugan
Level: 790
友達 is a general and common word to talk about friend.
友人 is a bit more formal.
親友 is use to talk about close or best friends.
知人 is use to talk about acquaintance.
仲間 is more focus on people who share a common goal or are member of the same community.
Finally, is also a word to talk about friend but is not really use alone in every day conversation. It appear more often in compound word or classical/literacy context.
Meaning
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alkalynity (ロガン)
Level: 1772
Can be used as a suffix (e.g. 仕事仲間, 飲み仲間) to describe a group.
How to use
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KellBell
Level: 309
Can be used to mean "crew". As in my crew.
Mnemonic
24
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ajqe・アンナ
Level: 206
My friends are in (Naka) MAi heart
Mnemonic
21
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while1fork
Level: 443
NOW COME ON, let’s go to the park, FRIENDS.
Mnemonic
4
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1800
Also written as:
Other
27
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Sentences

          
They are one of us.
           こと      
They decided to exclude him from their circle.
                
Dad is in the middle of golfing with his friends.
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(noun/する verb) injury, wound; mistake, accident, loss
View usage notes (11)

Usage notes

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ユジンさん
Level: 249
きず focuses on visible surface damage like a cut or a scratch while けが is a serious injury
Meaning
71
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jm27937
Level: 1416
怪我 is the default word used in everyday speech. 負傷 is a more formal term. Both refer to anything from minor to serious injuries. The choice depends on context, not how bad the injury is.
Meaning
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TheMysticPanda
Level: 636
As far as I can tell, regarding けが vs きず:

" is not very serious. For example,finger is cut by a paper." SImilarly, note kizu is used in parts of words to describe scars .

" けが is used to describe big physical wound. For example, in a car accident."

[www.italki.com]
How to use
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アンディー
Level: 680
I was injured when the KEGA (keg) fell on my foot
Mnemonic
21
0
avatar
穴熊 🦡
Level: 734
I got injured by the KEY GUARD!
Mnemonic
7
0
avatar
ステファンオ
Level: 537
The consequence けっか of the fight was an injury (けが)
Mnemonic
6
0
avatar
ライトウ ≥^..^≤
Level: 804
"Kay got"「KEGA けが」an *𝗶𝗻𝗷𝘂𝗿𝘆* when she grabbed a knife by the blade by *𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲*.
Mnemonic
5
0
avatar
sena_ix
Level: 578
Be (ke)reful of getting INJURED by wearing shin guards(ga).
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
while1fork
Level: 443
He got that INJURY when he went to that KEGGER.
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
ケンパチ
Level: 274
Watch out for the KEG!!! Ouch... けが.
ouch = injury
Mnemonic
3
0
avatar
-kaze-
Level: 1266
け↑が↓ - pitch accent
Other
7
0
Add usage note

Sentences

                
He suffered internal injuries in the car accident.
   使          
It's easy to injure oneself when you use a kitchen knife.
                 
My younger brother's injury has healed, and looks like he can run again.
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しょうしんしょうめい

(noun) (4-kanji compound) genuine, authentic, true, real

Usage notes

Sentences

                     
This is genuine Kutani-ware. I guarantee it.
ずる 

Accent:
(Adjective/-い) sly, cunning, sneaky, crafty, unfair, dishonest
View usage notes (3)

Usage notes

avatar
jm27937
Level: 1416
あざとい describes someone who consciously plays up their charm or cuteness for effect.

ずるい describes sneaky or unfair behavior to gain an advantage.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Meaning
16
0
avatar
アンディー
Level: 680
The ZU (zoo) was RUIned (ruined) when the crafty tiger escaped his cage.
Mnemonic
24
0
avatar
Tamulet
Level: 158
When they ignore ZE RULES
Mnemonic
8
0
Add usage note

Sentences

        
That's not fair.
     こと         
I won't allow you to do such an unfair thing!
      なんて     
That's cheating to start running before everyone else.
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うで

Accent:
(noun) arm; skill, efforts, ability
View usage notes (6)

Usage notes

avatar
infotainment
Level: 39
Your arms! They are nudé! Scandalous!
Mnemonic
23
0
avatar
ライアンでいい
Level: 1189
The brush should be an extension of your arm. -> .
Mnemonic
13
0
avatar
太ったクモ
Level: 135
UDE Garami = ARM lock
Mnemonic
9
0
avatar
Kenzi Bird
Level: 365
Picture some (d)UDE who's really *skilled* at *arm* wrestling
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
Unreql
Level: 62
YOU DARE (うで) to touch my arm????
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
Zizichan
Level: 180
Ooo, that (うで) arm got some biceps!
//
Ooo, that’s (うで) some skills you got!
Mnemonic
1
0
Add usage note

Sentences

         
I fractured my arm.
       
The reach of a king is long.
              
Bird's wings correspond to man's arms.
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いっぽう

Accent:
(noun/adverb) one (esp. of two), the other, one way, the other way, one direction, the other direction, one side, the other side, one party, the other party; (conjunction) on the one hand, on the other hand; (conjunction) whereas, although, but at the same time, meanwhile, in turn; just keeps, being inclined to ..., tending to be ..., tending to do ..., continuously ..., just keeps on ...ing, only (after noun, adjective-stem or plain verb)
View usage notes (4)

Usage notes

avatar
ララルーザー
Level: 67
When used after a verb (e.g. 増える一方です) it can mean something keeps happening.
How to use
76
0
avatar
thechadwick
Level: 39
Grammar Notes (See Dict. of Int. JA Grammar pg. 73, and Dict. of Adv. JA Grammar pg. 146, respectively):
1.) Nは, (S1)+「一方(では)-conjunction」, (S2). - a structure used to describe two concurring, contrastive actions / states of s.o. or s.t., eg.) A San Superhero saves lives, but, on the other hand he does pee on the toilet seat..

2.) S1 - V inf.+「一方」(だ). - Phrase indicating the "s.t. happens continuously or repeatedly". lit. "one way/direction". eg.) 1. "Aさんは、私にタバコを籟む一方で、何もしてくれたことがない。- A San always bums a smoke off me, but I never can get one from him." 2. "毎月々増える一方の財政赤字. - We're in the red more and more each month."
How to use
32
0
avatar
うみのかふか
Level: 186
いっぽう = lit. "one side" = "on the other hand" or "one way".

Usage cases:
(1) (Logical clause) + いっぽう --> Conveys "on the other hand". Similar to でも, ~いっぽう can act as a contrastive conjunction, bundling the preceding logical clause and contrasting it with the information that follows.
e.g. このあたりはしずかないっぽうでふべんだ = "One side is that it's quiet, (but on the other hand), it's inconvenient".

(2) (Complete verbal clause) + いっぽう --> Conveys how something that is happening is continuing in "one direction".
e.g. このむらのじんこうがへるいっぽう = "The population of this village is declining (and continues to decline)".
How to use
1
1
avatar
Joquia
Level: 609
This is one of our two hippos. This one likes people but the other one is very aggressive
Mnemonic
15
0
Add usage note

Sentences

                 
I know one, but not the other.
              
One only becomes more forgetful due to aging.
                 
While it is inexpensive, the quality matches the price.
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きんこう

(noun) outskirts, environs (of a city), surrounding area, surroundings
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

avatar
fauserbu
Level: 799
the bank (ぎんこう) can be found in the *outskirts* (きんこう) of this city
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
ハムラ
Level: 1193
The outskirts (きんこう) stay in equilibrium (均衡/きんこう) with the inner city.
Mnemonic
1
0
NEW
Add usage note

Sentences

             
He lives in the suburbs of Tokyo.
                       
Those ladies and gentlemen who live in the suburbs of Yokohama, please feel free to participate.
みなと

Accent:
(noun) harbour, harbor, port
View usage notes (4)

Usage notes

avatar
ジェン~1984
Level: 551
Everyone * MINA TO the harbour!! There's a massive marine ship coming in!
Mnemonic
24
0
avatar
AgentJKL
Level: 103
The MINOTAUR is at the harbour!! (minato)
Mnemonic
12
0
avatar
ルシウス・ハクロ
Level: 573
Have you heard of Minato Harbour?
Mnemonic
9
0
avatar
while1fork
Level: 443
The HARBOR (みなと) is to the SOUTH (みなみ).
Mnemonic
4
0
Add usage note

Sentences

              
The ship was unloaded at the port.
               
The pilot (captain) guides the ship toward the port.
          
The ship is now in the harbor.
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みなとまち
(noun) port city, harbor city, harbour city

Usage notes

Sentences

           
He lives in a port town.
           
Yokohama is a beautiful port town.
                     
Nagasaki, where I was born, is a beautiful port city.
  

(Ichidan verb (ます = stem+ます)/intransitive) to become stormy, to become rough (of the sea); to fall into ruin, to become neglected, to become dilapidated; to become rough (of skin), to get chapped; to become unruly, to become violent, to go wild, to get out of control; to become unsettled (e.g. of one's life), to become disordered
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

avatar
sena_ix
Level: 578
Ariel(Areru) couldn't return home because it was STORMY.
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
川竜
Level: 618
it goes without saying that storms (嵐・あらし) are stormy (あれる)
Mnemonic
2
0
Add usage note

Sentences

               
The road to the village is very rough.
                    
It was stormy enough that I couldn't go out.
                    
I got worried listening to the state of his ruined life.
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くる 
(noun) madness, insanity; irregularity, deviation, being out of order; (suffix) (noun) fanaticism, fanatic, enthusiast, nut

Usage notes

   

(Godan verb - る (ます = stem+ります)/intransitive) to weigh on one's mind, to bother one, to worry about, to be concerned about, to care about, to feel uneasy, to be anxious; to be interested (in), to be curious (about), to wonder (about), to catch one's eye; to feel like (doing), to feel inclined to, to bring oneself to (do) (usu. after a verb)
View usage notes (3)

Usage notes

avatar
jau4
Level: 495
{ thing, person } を 気にする
:consciousness, attention
にする:make something into, choose to
literal translation:make {it} into attention
nuance:
I choose to pay my attention to it. It is something that I am aware of/ anxious about/ mind. This is rather voluntarily and intentional.
grammar: する is transitive so is used
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
{ thing, person } が 気になる
:consciousness, attention
になる:become, come to happen
literal translation:{it} becomes attention
nuance:
It catches my attention. It has become something that I am aware of/ mind. This is rather involuntarily and automatic.
grammar: なる is intransitive so is used
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
「気にしないで!」⭕
( Don't worry about it! / Don't put your attention on it! )
This is telling you to not pay attention to it.

「気にならないで !」❌
This is wrong because 気になる is involuntarily. You did not choose to do it and cannot control it. This sentence does not make sense.
How to use
53
6
avatar
リンク・リンク
Level: 1348
I recommend watching this to understand better the concept:
[youtu.be]
How to use
20
0
avatar
James Arkham
Level: 583
Mainly used to talk about one's own experience. "I'm curious about this", "I'm interested in this" or "this keeps bothering me". To talk about other people's worries, see 気にする.
Mnemonic
39
0
Add usage note

Sentences

                       
I'm really concerned about the progress (e.g. of the project), so I'm asking for reports on each and every thing.
           
I don't feel like anything.
         
Are you worried about the promotion?
See more sentences
ある 

Accent:
(Godan verb - く/intransitive) to walk
View usage notes (15)

Usage notes

avatar
Shamugan
Level: 790
歩く is the most common and general word to say "to walk".
歩む also means "to walk" but it carries a more poetic or metaphorical connotation.
Finally, 散歩する means more specifically "to take a walk" or "to take a stroll". It implies walking leisurely just for walking rather than walking as a mean of transportation or towards a destination.
How to use
246
1
avatar
HKOL07
Level: 244
W-A-L/ru-Ku
Mnemonic
85
0
avatar
Jen GP
Level: 1076
In French, a rue is a road or street, so you aruku on the rue.
Mnemonic
53
0
avatar
DUckinCS
Level: 627
Sorry in advance...

"I would walk 500 miles,
and I would walk 500 more,
Just to be the man who walked 1000 miles to fall down at your door"
-Lyrics from "I'm gonna be" by The Proclaimers

The Proclaimers are... aruku duo! (a rock duo) (I'm so sorry)
Mnemonic
31
0
avatar
Tomhottner
Level: 61
Walking with you to Aruku (a lake)
Mnemonic
26
0
avatar
WilliamLu
Level: 166
Ahあ, runる, couldく you? No? Let's walk, then.
Mnemonic
20
0
avatar
jessrenter
Level: 46
I took my dog on aruku (a walk).
Mnemonic
18
0
avatar
RighteousAngle
Level: 168
You're walking with someone and they say "ahh(あ), look(るく) a wasp"
Mnemonic
13
0
avatar
イル三ナティ
Level: 377
aruku (I look) a bit silly walking but I don't care
Mnemonic
9
0
avatar
ライトウ ≥^..^≤
Level: 804
"Are you cool"「ARUKU あるく」*𝘁𝗼 𝘄𝗮𝗹𝗸* after twisting your ankle?
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
レシー
Level: 100
a rook(u) can walk across the chest board
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
武智明
Level: 504
While i was WALKING i tripped on A RU KU (a rock)
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
Jules.33
Level: 37
I look good あるく when I walk 😏
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
vega860
Level: 48
Imagine a rook from a chessboard walking (あるく) across the board instead of moving in straight lines.
Mnemonic
1
0
avatar
knifewizard
Level: 92
I went for a WALK and saw A ROOK (あるく)
Mnemonic
1
0
Add usage note

Sentences

           
I walked across the park.
            
He walked across the garden.
            
I'm wearing shoes that are easy to walk in.
See more sentences
とん
(noun) (male term) (slang) numbskull, dimwit, idiot, fool, dope

Usage notes

あいぼう

(noun) partner, pal, accomplice
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

avatar
chagon
Level: 286
We'll do it together, you and (あいぼう) I BOth. Because we're partners!
Mnemonic
1
0
NEW
Add usage note

Sentences

                        
This rat, up until just now he was my partner and now he's gone and turned on me.
うわ

Accent:
(noun) coat, jacket, outerwear; top, upper-body garment
View usage notes (9)

Usage notes

avatar
狭間神龍
Level: 18
Literally "above-cloth"

Notably the reading for the first isn'tうえ but うわ from older stages of Japanese
Meaning
2
0
NEW
avatar
kawaiifaery
Level: 286
A bunny coat (usagi uwagi)
Mnemonic
72
0
avatar
RareRecharge
Level: 69
If you know the kanji : 上 goes from ue to uwa , 着 comes from to wear 着る (kiru). So above wear (top half of your body)
Mnemonic
49
0
avatar
Reo run
Level: 58
Uwa! An usagi is wearing a jacket
Mnemonic
19
0
avatar
bheat
Level: 149
"Ooh, a gi" - Think of a stylish martial artist looking at their jacket, exclaiming, "Ooh, a (U) gi (WAGI)" with admiration.
Mnemonic
9
0
avatar
シーリナ
Level: 1074
UWA! Gils new coat looks amazing!
Mnemonic
8
0
avatar
ジェン~1984
Level: 551
U WeAr a GIlet to school? Can't you wear a coat, like all the other ppl here?
Mnemonic
4
0
avatar
Xilmi
Level: 360
Put this jacket うわ (mix between over and über) the ぎrl so she doesn't run around naked.
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
マフィンマフィン
Level: 234
Uuh(う)! Wo(わ)w gi(ぎ)rl! Nice jacket!
Mnemonic
1
0
Add usage note

Sentences

              
This coat fits me very well.
               
He concealed the book under his coat.
               
Take your coat off, and make yourself at home.
See more sentences

(noun) (colloquialism) brat, kid, urchin, little devil; (Buddhist) preta, hungry ghost (orig. meaning)
View usage notes (2)

Usage notes

avatar
ジリジリ膝
Level: 220
*Gah*, that *ki*d is such a brat (がき).
Mnemonic
2
0
avatar
スーン (UNQSPM)
Level: 286
Pitch: が /き\
Other
3
0
Add usage note
しょう便べん

Accent:
(noun/する verb) urine, piss, pee, urination; (colloquialism) breaking a contract
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

avatar
Jules.33
Level: 37
Please show Ben しょべん how to pee in the toilet without getting the floor wet.
Mnemonic
3
0
Add usage note
 
(noun) stain, spot, smudge, blot, smear, blotch
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

avatar
Eepy {イーピー}
Level: 435
There's a faint shimmer (しみ) on the ground. But upon further inspection, it's just a wet STAIN of dirt... Hopefully not blood.
Mnemonic
1
0
Add usage note

Sentences

                          
There's a stain in the carpet and it won't come out no matter what.
                 
The ink stain will not wash out.
        こと  できなかった  
I couldn't scrub the stain out.
See more sentences
  
(noun) (colloquialism) ass, arse, buttocks; (colloquialism) rear, end
View usage notes (1)

Usage notes

avatar
ギョルギ九十三
Level: 832
ケツ (尻) — casual, slangy, slightly crude. Used with friends; not suitable for formal situations. Can be literal or figurative.

後輩のミスなのに、なんで俺がケツを拭かなきゃいけないんだよ = "It's my junior's mistake, so why do I have to clean up after them?"

尻/しり — standard, polite, neutral. Used in daily conversation or writing. Can also be literal or figurative.

先生に尻(しり)を叩かれて、やっと宿題を始めた = "The teacher gave me a push, and I finally started my homework."

Source: [hinative.com]
How to use
4
0
Add usage note
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