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Without A..ing
夕ゆう飯はんを 食たべ ず に 寝ねて 仕 舞 っ た 。 
I fell asleep without eating dinner.
61
先 生 は 、 生 徒 の 意 見 を 聞 か ず に 一人 で 決 め ま し た 。 
The teacher decided by herself, without listening to the students' opinions.
0
47
お 父 さ ん 、 今朝 着 替 え ず に 仕 事 に 行 っ て 仕 舞 っ た 
My father went to work this morning without changing his clothes!
0
68
朝 ご 飯 を 食 べ ず に 学 校 に 行 っ た 。 
I went to school without eating breakfast.
0
15
私 は 間 違 わ ず に 英 語 を 話 せ な い 。 
I cannot speak English without making some mistakes.
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27
学 生 は 何 も 言 わ ず に 行 っ て 仕 舞 っ た 。 
The student left without saying anything.
0
26
ノ ッ ク を せ ず に 私 の 部屋 に 入 っ て く る な 。 
Don't come into my room without knocking.
0
28
卵 を 割 ら ず に オ ム レ ツ は 作 れ な い 。 
You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs.
4
16
電 気 は 消 さ ず に 行 っ て 下 さ い 。 
Please go without turning out the lights.
0
9
彼 は 帽 子 を 被 ら ず に 出 か け た 。 
He went out without a hat.
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8
彼 女 は 一 言 も 言 わ ず に 部屋 か ら 出 た 。 
She left the room without saying a word.
0
10
彼 女 は 死 ぬ 迄 初 恋 の こと を 忘 れ ず に 居 た 。 
Until the day she died, she did not forget her first love.
0
10
忘 れ ず に 安 全 ベ ル ト を 締 め な さ い 。 
Don't forget to fasten your safety belts.
2
0
親 の 承 諾 を 得 ず に 行 う など 、 勝手 極 ま る 行 動 で す 。 
It couldn't be more selfish behavior than to act without the approval of your parents.
0
0
無 理 を せ ず に 自 分 の 体 力 に 応 じ た 運 動 を す る 様 に し て 下 さ い 。 
Please try to exercise in line with your own stamina and not overdo it.
0
7
困 っ た 時 は 、 一人 で 考 え ず に 誰 か に 相 談 す れ ば い い よ 。 
When you're in a bind, it's good to not think by yourself and consult with someone.
0
5
ア テ ネ へ 向 か う 一 隻 の 貨 物 船 が 、 何 の 痕 跡 も 残 さ ず に 地 中 海 で 沈 没 為 た 。 
A cargo vessel, bound for Athens, sank in the Mediterranean without a trace.
0
2
彼 ら は 寝 ず に 一 夜 を 明 か し た 。 
They sat up all night.
0
4
彼 は 一 言 も 言 わ ず に 出 て い っ た 。 
He went out without saying a word.
0
7
左 様 な ら も 言 わ ず に 出 て いかないで 下 さ い 。 
Don't go off without saying good-by.
0
8
躊躇 わ ず に ど ん な 質 問 で も 為 て 下 さ い 。 
Don't hesitate to ask me any questions.
0
5
忘 れ ず に 署 名 為 て 下 さ い 。 
Do not forget to sign your name.
0
5
彼 は 私 に 別 れ を 言 わ ず に 去 っ た 。 
He left without saying good-bye to me.
0
5
喋 ら ず に 聞 き な さ い 。 
Hold your tongue and listen to me.
0
4
世 の 中 で 努 力 為 ず に 成 功 為 る 者 は 居 な い 。 
No one succeeds in the world without effort.
0
6
私 は 躊躇 わ ず に 彼 の 依 頼 を 引 き 受 け た 。 
Without hesitation, I granted his request.
0
7
雨 で 火 の 手 は 広 が ら ず に 済 ん だ 。 
The rain kept the fire from spreading.
0
7
彼 女 は 私 に 気 が つ か ず に 通 り 過 ぎ た 。 
She passed by without seeing me.
0
6
彼 は 病 人 を 寝 ず に 看 病 為 た 。 
He looked after the patient without sleeping.
0
7
ロ ケ ッ ト は 静 か に 着 地 為 た の で 器 具 を 壊 さ ず に 済 ん だ 。 
The rocket landed sufficiently gently to avoid breaking its instruments.
0
6
敵 は も う 其 れ 以 上 抵 抗 為 ず に 降 参 為 た 。 
The enemy gave in without further resistance.
0
10
泥 棒 は 何 の 跡 も 残 さ ず に 逃 げ た 。 
The thief fled without leaving any traces.
0
6
彼 女 は 僕 を ち ら り と も 見 ず に 通 り 過 ぎ た 。 
She passed by without glancing at me.
0
11
失 敗 を 怖 が ら ず に 、 先 ず 遣 っ て み よ う よ 。 
Let's give it a try first, without being afraid of failure.
0
2
バ イ ク が 倒 れ ず に 走 行 為 る の は 前 輪 の 役 割 が 大 き い 。 
The front wheel plays an important role in bikes moving without falling over.
0
5
被 告 は 判 決 に 不 服 で 、 躊躇 わ ず に 控 訴 為 た 。 
The defendant appealed against the sentence without hesitation.
0
8
ジョン は 誰 に も 断 ら ず に 、 パ イ を 数 切 れ 勝手 に 取 っ て 食 べ た 。 
John helped himself to several pieces of pie without asking.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: ない form
-ない
ず
に
Dict. Form
Conjugated
あげる
あげず
おす
おさず
かう
かわず
かく
かかず
くる
こず
しぬ
しなず
Dict. Form
Conjugated
とる
とらず
もつ
もたず
よぶ
よばず
よむ
よまず
いそぐ
いそがず
する
せず
Basic Examples:
帰らずに (without going home)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Because this is grammar from classical Japanese, it is used mainly in writing.
41
0
avatar
秋子ちゃん
Level: 1
although this could be said to be more classical grammar, it is not as old as ぬ.
where as ずに is mainly used in writing it can be used in spoken, where as ぬ is almost entirely only used within writing.
27
0
avatar
shirothekiller
Level: 1
A variant of this grammar is to use it with adjective.

"Event B (adjective) happens/exists without event A"

姉は 化粧を せずに きれいなんだ。
My sister is beautiful without putting make-up.

the も particle, ～さえ, ～でも, and the likes could be used as an emphasis.

…化粧を せずに も きれいだ。
...is beautiful even without putting make-up.
17
0
avatar
naikou3611
Level: 10

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
(deleted user)
Level: 1
I'm trying to refresh my memory without searching the grammar database but I'm drawing a blank. The verbal way to use this is....?? Like when speaking.
0
16 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 346
Maybe just ...‾ないで?, or are you looking for something more formal?
0
16 years ago
avatar
(deleted user)
Level: 1
I was looking for something a little more formal, yes,^^;;
I always tend to feel like I'm being too informal.
0
16 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 346
I'm pretty sure ずに would come across as formal in spoken language. Hmm..listening to the teachers around me, I will also hear (in speeches, whatever) something along the lines of

諦めることなく、

Although that also (I believe) has a bit more punch to it.

Back to the issue, though, I'm pretty sure a ずに followed by an appropriate conjugation at the end of the sentence would be as polite as you need to be. If I remember (my mind is a bit spotty, so I probably won't), I'll ask someone tomorrow.
1
16 years ago
avatar
shirokitsune
Level: 1776

While reading a children's novel I came across just ず with no に。It has the phrase 聞かず、does the comma replace the に in this writing or am I looking at some other grammar point that I am just unaware of.

3
11 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 346

Just looked it up - they are slightly different.


ずに meanings "without", as in, A ずに B = "doing B without doing A"

Here's an example:

切手を貼らずに手紙を出してしまった。 Shows you not doing something you'd normally do with the following action.


途中であきらめず、最後まで頑張ってください。

Not quite the same - in this case, it is "don't do A, do B"


出発前日まで予約が取れず、心配させられました。

In this case, it shows a tight link between the lack of A and it causing B. In this case, "I didn't/couldn't do A, so B"


These examples, by the way, are from the EXCELLENT 日本語文型辞典. It's made for teachers of Japanese, or high level students. Very, very good explanations (although it's 100% Japanese)


http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9...

16
11 years ago
avatar
shirokitsune
Level: 1776

Thanks for the help. I think once I get a little stronger in Japanese I will pick up that book.

0
11 years ago
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Kiraraxa
Level: 331

Hey everybody:-) quick question - I saw in one of the examples for 代わる that this form is used without the に - so, ...いつもと代わらず健康... is this a mistake, a different grammar or maybe an exception? Thank you:-)kao_yoroshiku.png

0
4 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 346

I did a quick search, and came up with this note: 大ざっぱにいえば、 「ずに」＝「ないで」、 「ず」＝「なくて」です。

So, ずに and ず can both be used depending on the structure of the sentence.

More info: https://detail.chiebukuro.yaho...

2
4 years ago
avatar
compmyon
Level: 1433

The に is optional in this. More accurately, ず can stand in for either ないで or なくて.

1
2 years ago


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